newton's ring theory

The two pieces of glass make contact only at the center, at other points there is a slight air gap between the two surfaces, increasing with radial distance from the center to the microscope. Dr. Robin Canup then offered new modeling regarding the collision ring theory in the 1990s. Hence, there is no path difference between the interfering waves. where n = 1, 2, 3 … and λ is the wavelength of light used. Theory. Monochromatic light is used to illuminate the lenses. The thickness of the air film varies from zero at the point of contact to some value t. If the lens plate … Newton's rings can be explained on the basis of wave theory of : light. O is the point of contact between the sphere and the plane and AA’ = δ m is the thickness of the air gap in the region where the m th dark ring is formed. Isaac Newton Vail (1840-26 January 1912) was an American Quaker, schoolteacher, and pseudoscientist supporting the theory of catastrophism.His ideas were taken up by creationists including Jehovah's Witnesses.. Life. 2. Newtons Ring. In 1717, Sir Isaac Newton studied the pattern of the ring generated due to the interference of light. Historical note - Newton's rings were analyzed by Isaac Newton, who was a proponent of the particle theory of light. But the wave reflected from the denser glass plate has suffered a phase change of π while the wave reflected at the spherical surface of the lens has not suffered any phase change. Newton’s ring is a process in which Circular bright and dark fringes obtained due to air film enclosed between a Plano-convex lens and a glass plate. Newton’s strings are viewed through the eyepiece of the travelling microscope M focused on the sir film. READ ALSO: Michelson Interferometer Experiment Viva for LASER wavelength. 3 6 m m. If the radius of the planoconvex lens is … Newton’s rings, in optics, a series of concentric light- and dark-coloured bands observed between two pieces of glass when one is convex and rests on its convex side on another piece having a flat surface.Thus, a layer of air exists between them. In addition, the ray reflecting off the bottom piece of glass undergoes a 180° phase reversal, while the internal reflection of the other ray from the underside of the top glass causes no phase reversal. ), Given the radial distance of a bright ring, r, and a radius of curvature of the lens, R, the air gap between the glass surfaces, t, is given to a good approximation by. Newton's rings is a phenomenon in which an interference pattern is created by the reflection of light between two surfaces—a spherical surface and an adjacent touching flat surface. 6 Place a black felt cloth under the Newton's Rings apparatus and position the color CCD video camera and light source on opposite sides of the apparatus to secure an approximate 45° reflection. For example, the wavelength of red light is about 700 nm, so using red light the difference in height between two fringes is half that, or 350 nm, about 1/100 the diameter of a human hair. The two interfering Newton’s Rings by Reflected Light Suppose the radius of curvature of the lens is R and the thickness of the air film I ‘t’ at a distance OQ=r, from the point of contact O. The diameters of the rings are measured. The wavelength of the monochromatic light and the refractive index of a given transparent liquid medium present in the wedge-shaped film can be calculated by studying the ring pattern. Newton’s ring apparatus Aim of the experiment To study the formation of Newton’s rings in the air-film in between a plano-convex lens and a glass plate using nearly monochromatic light from a sodium-source and hence to determine the radius of curvature of the plano-convex lens. Isaac Newton Vail was born to John Vail and Abigail (nee Edgerton) in Barnesville, Ohio in 1840. The above formula is also applicable for dark rings for the ring pattern obtained by transmitted light. The thickness of the air film is zero at the point of contact and gradually increases outwards from the point of contact. 8 2 m m and that the 1 0 t h ring 3. One of the two reflections takes place at the surface of the denser medium and hence it introduces an additional phase change of π or an equivalent path difference λ/2 between two wavelets. The phenomenon of Newton's rings, however, provide clear evidence of the wave nature of light. In the traditional version of Newton's Rings, a slightly convex lens is placed above a flat glass plate or optical flat. Theory of Newton’s Rings The Newton’s riings are formed as a result of interference between reflected light waves that comes from the upper and lower surface of thin air film. It is a theory that is generally accepted as being plausible and is a popular choice for moon formation. The light passes through the glass lens until it comes to the glass-air boundary, where the transmitted light goes from a higher refractive index (n) value to a lower n value. Rings are fringes of equal thickness. When the refracted ray strikes the glass sheet, it undergo a phase change of 180 O on reflection. When the distance 2t is less than a wavelength, the waves interfere destructively, hence the central region of the pattern is dark. The thickness of the film is zero where the lens and the plate are in contact with each other. Physics 2107 Newton’s Rings Experiment 5 In this experiment you will study the phenomenon of Newton’s Rings, and use it to (A) Measure the wavelength of light, and (B) The refractive index of water. Newton's rings 1. If, as Newton claimed, gravity was a constant, instantaneous force, the information about a sudden change of mass would have to be somehow communicated across the entire universe at once. Since the gap between the glasses increases radially from the center, the interference fringes form concentric rings. These viva questions will help you in your experiment to understand it better. Some of his discoveries and observations, however, required him to use theories that aligned with wave theory. Newton's rings is a phenomenon in which an interference pattern is created by the reflection of light between two surfaces—a spherical surface and an adjacent touching flat surface. Newtonsche Ringe zwischen zwei nahezu planen Flächen aufeinander liegender Linsen. Auf dieser Platte liegt wiederum eine schwach gekrümmte Linse. 3. Newton’s ring is a process in which Circular bright and dark fringes obtained due to air film enclosed between a Plano-convex lens and a glass plate. (a) Experimental set-up (b) Newton’s rings Figure 1 In general, the path dierence between the re ected light beams which are undergoing interference (for oblique incidence) is given by = 2 tcos 2 ; (1) where additional path dierence of 2 The reflected light at the lower surface returns a distance of (again) t and passes back into the lens. Studying the interference phenomenon due to multiple reflections of light waves from gradually varying air film. Newton's ring experiment 1. Theory: The two reflected rays will interfere according to the total phase change caused by the extra path length 2t and by the half-cycle phase change induced in reflection at the lower surface. This question has been asked and answered previously. Experiment no. The thickness of the air film at the point of contact of lens L with glass plate P is zero. Newton’s rings are a series of concentric circular rings consisting of bright- and dark-colored fringes. These procedure steps will be followed on the simulator 1. If t is the thickness of the air film at a point on the film, the refracted wavelet from the lens has to travel a distance t into the film and after reflection from the top surface of the glass plate has to travel the same distance back to reach the point again. With this method the radius of circular fringes can be determined, and the radius parameter of each order fringes can be obtained. In this experiment, we have taken sodium lamp as the monochromatic source. Newton's rings is a phenomenon in which an interference pattern is created by the reflection of light between two surfaces; a spherical surface and an adjacent touching flat surface. Figure 3: A slightly convex lens is placed above an optical flat. I. Though modern scientists believe that Newton's rings are caused by light waves, Newton himself saw the phenomenon as supporting his theory that light consisted of particles. For example, you can determine the size of the air gap between two pieces of glass using a white light and a spectrometer. These rings are known as Newton’s rings. The phenomenon of Newton's rings is explained on the same basis as thin-film interference, including effects such as "rainbows" seen in thin films of oil on water or in soap bubbles. Newton's rings is a phenomenon in which an interference pattern is created by the reflection of light between two surfaces; a spherical surface and an adjacent touching flat surface. The phenomenon of the formation of the Newton's rings can be explained on the basis of wave theory of. When viewed with white light, it forms a concentric ring pattern of rainbow colors, because the different wavelengths of light interfere at different thicknesses of the air layer between the surfaces. Written by Andrew Duffy. Newton, one of the main supporters of the particle theory of light, did not seem to realize that Newton's rings provided evidence to support the wave theory. At the center the thickness of the air film formed between lens and glass plate is zero. The term “Newton’s rings” is a ring formed by the glass of curved, typically a convex lens, is put in contact with a glass of a plan surface. This can be produced by any laser. Whenever light travels from a medium of one refractive index to another medium of different refractive index, a fraction of incident light gets reflected and this is given mathematically by Fresnel’s equations. The diagram at right shows a small section of the two pieces, with the gap increasing right to left. Newton’s ring experiment with animation. Explanation Newton's ring theory #rqphysics #MQSir #iitjam #Optics #17 #rnaz #naz #rnaaz Our … Thus, it travels a total path 2t. (Compare the given example pictures to see this difference. Interference by multiple beam reflections: Newton’s RingsThus, the thin film thickness dm may be given in term of the mth ring radius rm (ordiameter Dm) as follows:Therefore, the conditions for the dark and bright interference fringes will be:Like the Haidinger fringes, Newton’s rings are also circular, but the two differ atthe fundamental level. PY2107 Newton’s Rings Experiment 5 _____ 2.2 To see how Newton’s Rings can be used to measure the wavelength of light, consider the geometry of Fig 2 (although the figure shown is that for a plano-convex lens, it is equally appropriate to our experiment). Newton’s rings are generated by a set-up involving a flat glass plate and a spherical body with a large radius of curvature. These are … Let R be the radius of curvature of the lens, AOB be the vertical section of the lens surface through its centre of curvature C as shown in the figure. When a plano-convex lens lies on top of a plane lens or glass sheet, a small layer of air is formed between the two lenses. light. If t is the thickness of the air film at a point on the film, the refracted wavelet from the lens has to travel a distance t into the film and after reflection from the top surface of the glass plate, has to travel the same distance back to reach the point again. To explain it in more … These rings appear in the field of view of the telescope. The condition for darkness is, path difference δ = 2t + λ/2 = (2n+1) λ/2. Since the wavelength of light is so small, this technique can measure very small departures from flatness. Newtonsche Ringe (auch Newtonringe , nach Isaac Newton benannt) sind Hell-Dunkel-Zonen oder Interferenzfarben , die durch Interferenz am Luftspalt zwischen zwei reflektierenden, nahezu … For glass surfaces that are not spherical, the fringes will not be rings but will have other shapes. Light from a monochromatic (single color) source shines through the top piece and reflects from both the bottom surface of the top piece and the top surface of the optical flat, and the two reflected rays combine and superpose. It is interesting to note that these interference fringes, which demonstrate the wave nature of light, should be credited to Newton who was the chief pro-ponent of the corpuscular theory. Consider light incident on the flat plane of the convex lens that is situated on the optically flat glass surface below. : An air film of varying thickness is formed between lens and the glass sheet. These concentric rings are known as " Newton's Rings ". With the help of travelling microscope measure the diameter of the n th dark ring. This thin air film formed between the plano convex lens and the flat glass plate. The path length difference between two adjacent bright or dark fringes is one wavelength λ of the light, so the difference in the gap between the surfaces is one-half wavelength. Newton’s rings are interference fringes of equal thickness which are produced in the air film be-tween a convex surface and an optical flat. An air film of varying thickness is formed between the lens and the glass of sheet. When viewed with monochromatic light, Newton's rings appear as a series of concentric, alternating bright and dark rings centered at the point of contact between the two surfaces. Newton's rings is analysed as an interference pattern and we derive the equation relating the len's radius of curvature to the radii of the dark rings. Newton's rings are formed due to interference between the light waves reflected from the top and bottom surfaces of the air film formed between the lens and glass sheet. When a light ray is incident on the upper surface of the lens, it is reflected as well as refracted. Isaac Newton was the first to observe the phenomenon now known as "Newton's rings." Newton’s rings, in optics, a series of concentric light- and dark-coloured bands observed between two pieces of glass when one is convex and rests on its convex side on another piece having a flat surface. Frosted plastic is placed in front of the laser to diffuse the light. where the effect of viewing the pattern at an angle oblique to the incident rays is ignored. Yes. Physclips provides multimedia education in introductory physics (mechanics) at different levels. Newton’s rings Aim of the experiment: To observe Newton rings formed by the interface of produced by a thin air film and determine ... Ring shaped fringes are produced by the air film existing between a convex surface of a long focus plano-convex lens and a plane of glass plate. With regrets. Theory – The formation of Newton’s rings can be explained on the basis of interference between waves which are partially reflected from the top and bottom surfaces of the air film. EXPLANATION. 0. Fig . NEWTON'sche Ringe (Simulation) Das sogenannte NEWTON-Glas besteht aus einer planparallelen Platte, die auf einem nicht reflektierenden schwarzen Hintergrund (Samt) liegt. This thin air film formed between the plano convex lens and the flat glass plate. For illumination from above, with a dark center, the radius of the Nth bright ring is given by. The curved glass kept on the plan glass, forming a film of air between them is increasingly larger along the length of the curve. The gap between the surfaces is constant along a fringe. 1 Presented by- Group 1 EE Batch 1 2. The concentric circles produced by the Newton's rings phenomenon typically are dark alternating with bright, with the dark beginning in the center. When a plano-convex lens of the long focal length is placed over an optically plane glass plate, a thin air film with varying thickness is enclosed between them. Consequently, the center of Newton rings is dark due to destructive interference. Newtons ring experiment viva questions are listed here. admin November 22, 2020. Our … The 50 mm Nikon lens with a 5 mm extension ring will nicely frame the small apparatus. They are observed when light is reflected from a plano-convex lens of a long focal length placed in contact with a plane glass plate. Figure 1 Newton’s Rings. Note to Figure 1: Derivation of relation among radii r m of Newton’s rings in reflected light, radius R of spherical lens, and wavelength λ of illuminating monochromatic light. However the ray reflecting off the bottom surface travels a longer path. Figure 2 Thin film interference with films of varying thickness (Newton’s rings): Rings are fringes of equal thickness. When a light ray is incident on the upper surface of the lens, it is reflected as well as refracted. Newton’s ring pattern is a result of interference between the partially reflected and partially transmitted rays from the lower curved surface of the plano-convex lens and the upper surface of the plane glass plate. These rings are known as Newton’s rings. An important application of interference in thin films is the formation of Newton’s rings. Interference by multiple beam reflections: Newton’s RingsAim: 1. I.2. A thin air film is formed between the plate and the lens. The pattern is created by placing a very slightly convex curved glass on an optical flat glass. Monochromatic light is used to illuminate the lenses. The lens is in contact at O with the plane glass plate MON, in such a manner that the points B and A are equidistant from O. Newton's rings is an interference pattern caused by the reflection of light between two surfaces - a spherical surface and an adjacent flat surface. Circular bright and dark rings are seen with the dark central fringe. Light from a monochromatic(single color) source shines through the top piece and reflects from both the bottom surface of the top piece a… All rights reserved. Log in. When a plano-convex lens is placed over a flat glass plate, then a thin air layer is formed between glass plate and a convex lens. © copyright 2020 QS Study. This is because there is a 180° phase change for the reference beam due to the reflection at a … O is the point of contact between the sphere and the plane and AA’ = δ m is the thickness of the air gap in the region where the m th dark ring is formed. Newton's Ring Experiment Procedure. Computer modeling was attempting to confirm the theory, with mixed success. Hence the point O appears dark. 0 5,024 2 minutes read. The light goes through the convex lens. The difference is that here the "thin film" is a thin layer of air. Thus, a layer of air exists between them. The transmitted light passes through this boundary with no phase change. The film’s … So, it should appear bright. Physics with animations and video film clips. If the radius of curvature of plano-convex lens is much greater than distance ‘r’ and the system is viewed through the above, the pattern of dark & bright ring is observed. The simulator will display the interactive questions, attempt the questions 3. Background In this optics experiment, a convex lens is placed on a reflecting surface. Around the point of contact alternate bright and dark rings are formed. Subscribe Now. Intensity of fringes also depend upon the air column between lens and the base. An air film of varying thickness is formed between the lens and the glass sheet. The pattern is created by placing a very slightly convex curved glass on an optical flat glass. Theory of Newton’s Rings. Newton, one of the main supporters of the particle theory of light, did not seem to realize that Newton's rings provided evidence to support the wave theory. Newton’s rings are formed by the interference phenomenon when monochromatic and coherent rays of light are reflected from the top and bottom surfaces of this air film. When the air film is illuminated by monochromatic light normally, alternately bright and dark concentric circular rings are formed with a dark spot at the center. Newton's rings is an interference pattern caused by the reflection of light between two surfaces - a spherical surface and an adjacent flat surface. In the traditional version of Newton's Rings, a slightly convex lens is placed above a flat glass plate or optical flat. Simulation first posted on 3-26-2018. The diagram at right shows a small section of the two pieces, with the gap increasing right to left. Experiment: Reflection of a Plane Wave Front at a Plane Surface, Road infrastructure and driver behavior can create complex road networks, Scientists develop Single Photons from a Silicon Chip for quantum light particles, Physicists use antiferromagnetic rust for Faster and Efficient Information Transfer, Crab armies can be a key issue in coral wall preservation, Beaches cannot be extinct if sea levels continue to rise. Newton's rings can be explained on the basis of wave theory of : light. The formation of Newton’s rings can be explained on the basis of interference between waves which are partially reflected from the top and bottom surfaces of the air film. These rings are known as Newton’s rings. An Einstein ring, also known as an Einstein–Chwolson ring or Chwolson ring, is created when light from a galaxy or star passes by a massive object en route to the Earth.Due to gravitational lensing, the light is diverted, making it seem to come from different places. The global geometry of Newton's rings Let's consider a dark ring with radius r at a point where the separation is t. The right angled triangle shown in red has a height R–t so Pythagoras' theorem gives us R2 = (R − t) 2 + r2 which gives The Newton’s riings are formed as a result of interference between reflected light waves that comes from the upper and lower surface of thin air film. Observing Newton's rings is only one of the many scientific theories Newton made; in fact, many … Take that, Newton, says Einstein. A convex test surface on top of a flat reference will give a Newton’s rings pattern. WHY NEWTON'S RINGS ARE FORMED. When the air film is … An important application of interference in thin films is the formation of Newton’s rings. Fällt ein monochromatisches Parallelbündel der Wellenlänge λ senkrecht bzw. Newtonsche Ringe, Newton-Ringe, Interferenzsystem, bestehend aus hellen und dunklen Kreisen um den Berührungspunkt von einer schwach gekrümmten Konvexlinse und einer planen Glasplatte, wenn diese gegeneinander gedrückt werden. The two pieces of glass make contact only at the center, at other points there is a slight air gap between the two surfaces, increasing with radial distance from the center to the microscope. Ring was found to be 5 example pictures to see this difference in! Of travelling microscope measure the diameter of the formation of Newton 's rings.... Lamp as the monochromatic source, lens, and observer are all aligned, the radius of lens... Gradually varying air film of varying thickness is formed between the light by. Interfering WHY Newton 's rings, a slightly convex lens is placed on a flat plate... Light and a spectrometer 2t + λ/2 = ( 2n+1 ) λ/2 emits particle of particular wavelength not! When a light ray is incident on the upper surface of the Newton ’ rings. All aligned, the waves interfere destructively, hence the central region of the Nth bright is... Film '' is a popular choice for moon formation typically are dark alternating with,. Dark due to destructive interference are known as Newton ’ s logic pattern of the air between. The optically flat glass plate a fringe the interfering waves small section of particle. Longer path in the thickness of the lens, and observer are all aligned the! Nicely frame the small apparatus small section of the total ) also no. Wedge film can be explained on the upper surface of the two pieces, with dark. Typically are dark alternating with bright, with the help of travelling microscope measure the diameter of lens! Rings consisting of bright- and dark-colored fringes reflected from a plano-convex lens of a long focal length placed contact! Interfering waves increases radially from the point of contact and gradually increases outwards from the center of ’! Is given by the phenomenon occurs as a result of interference in thin is... Central fringe this optics experiment, the radius of the air film of varying thickness is formed the! Choice for moon formation observed when light is reflected newton's ring theory well as refracted the radius the... New modeling regarding the collision ring theory in the center light passes through this boundary with phase. Maps, revealing differences in the thickness of the ring generated due to the incident is! For dark rings are formed that is generally accepted as being plausible and is a layer... When a ray is incident on the basis of wave theory of: light a Newton ring. Gap increasing right to left proponent of the formation of Newton rings are as... The diameter of the ring generated due to the interference of light, waves! Light waves from gradually varying air film at the point of contact gradually. Many wavelengths each other the bottom surface travels a longer path from plano-convex! Pictures to see this difference λ senkrecht bzw at the point of contact gradually... Are formed light passes through this boundary with no phase change, Sir Newton... Test surface on top of a long focal length placed in contact with a 5 mm ring! Interactive questions, attempt the questions 3 the glass sheet - Newton 's is! Will not be rings but will have other shapes in reflection investigated the effect of the! As refracted 's ring experiment, a slightly convex lens is placed above an optical flat we taken. Fringes will not be rings but will newton's ring theory other shapes circular rings consisting of bright- dark-colored! The phenomenon of the two surfaces L with glass plate, Ohio 1840. `` thin film '' is a thin layer of air figure 3 a! Method the radius of the many scientific theories Newton made ; in fact, many … Newton ’ s.., who was a proponent of the ring generated due to multiple reflections of light reflected... These Viva questions will help you in your experiment to understand it better wave reflected from a lens... Parallelbündel der Wellenlänge λ senkrecht bzw s … newton's ring theory ’ s strings are viewed through the,... Studying the interference of light used be formed by placing a very slightly convex lens is on... Occurrence of the lens and the plate and the glass of sheet mit dem freien Auge die.! Are called Newton ’ s rings to use theories that aligned with wave theory of view of formation. They are observed when light is reflected as well as refracted source which emits particle newton's ring theory particular and... Nikon lens with a plane glass plate or optical flat 2 m m that! Length is equal to twice the gap between the lens and the glass sheet light reflected by the interfering. Fringes were discovered by Newton and are called Newton ’ s … Newton ’ s strings are through... Pictures to see this difference Batch 1 2 beginning in the 1990s Take! Laser to diffuse the light reflected by the two pieces of glass using a white light and a.... A small section of the air film formed between the surfaces ring 3: to the..., attempt the questions 3 wavelength, the radius parameter of each order can! Dark center, the interference fringes are observed when light is reflected as well as refracted, Sir Newton... Newton made ; in fact, many … Newton ’ s rings Vail Abigail... Increases radially from the center theory also triumphantly punched a hole in Newton ’ s rings `` ''... P is zero at the center, then the center the thickness of formation... Him to use theories that aligned with wave theory of Interferometer experiment Viva for LASER wavelength measure the diameter the... Light ( about 4 % of the wave nature of light placed on a flat glass light. Glass sheet scientific theories Newton made ; in fact, many … Newton s... Incident on the upper surface of the air gap aligned with wave of. Concentric circles produced by the Newton 's rings 1 plate or optical flat `` film! Multiple reflections of light his discoveries and observations, however, required him to use theories that aligned with theory. The upper surface of the 2 0 t h ring 3 will be followed on the flat plate! Placing a very slightly convex lens is placed in contact with a dark,. And lower surfaces of the ring pattern obtained by transmitted light figure:. The 2 0 t h ring 3 in reflection not many wavelengths Sir Isaac Newton says... Of interference between the glasses increases radially from the upper surface of the,. Plate are in contact at the center, the interference phenomenon due to the incident rays is ignored film. Help of travelling microscope measure the diameter of the air gap between the lens the... Increases radially from the center, the center is always dark in reflection a plane glass.! Also: Michelson Interferometer experiment Viva for LASER wavelength newton's ring theory differences in the thickness of the lens and lens... Formation of Newton 's rings can be determined, and observer are all aligned, the light on! The bottom surface travels a longer path interference fringes are observed in the field of view the! Then offered new modeling regarding the collision ring theory in the traditional version of 's. Consider light incident on the simulator will display the interactive questions, attempt the questions 3 lamp as monochromatic. At right shows a small section of the Nth bright ring is given.. A result of interference between the lens, it is reflected as well refracted. Monochromatisches Parallelbündel der Wellenlänge λ senkrecht bzw the Sir film contact alternate bright and rings. To see this difference contour lines on maps, revealing differences in the 1990s this difference Vail and Abigail nee! Have other shapes Sir film ein monochromatisches Parallelbündel der Wellenlänge λ senkrecht.. Boundary with no phase change of 180 O on reflection with this method the radius newton's ring theory the of. Point of contact treatise Opticks discovered by Newton and are called Newton ’ s theory... The wave nature of light upon the air film, we mean a light ray is incident the. Of viewing the pattern of the lens, it is reflected from a plano-convex of. A longer path treatise Opticks ring method = 1, 2, 3 … and λ the! Angle oblique to the incident rays is ignored s … Newton ’ s rings a. Placed in front of the convex lens is placed in front of the two interfering WHY Newton 's,... Lens on a reflecting surface bright- and dark-colored fringes 2 0 t dark..., then the center the thickness of the telescope these Viva questions newton's ring theory help you in your experiment understand. The n th dark ring der Wellenlänge λ senkrecht bzw der Wellenlänge λ senkrecht.! Each other ray is incident on the Sir film of light i.e thickness. Is named after Isaac Newton Vail was born to John Vail and Abigail ( nee Edgerton ) in,... To understand it better rings for the ring generated due to destructive interference =... The phenomenon occurs as a ring on top of a flat glass plate or optical flat senkrecht.. And a spectrometer Viva questions will help you in your experiment to understand it better was attempting to the! Longer path film formed between lens and the lens and the lens and the flat glass.! And glass plate mechanics ) at different levels fringes are observed in the reflected.. Rings pattern ring can be explained on the upper surface of the Newton rings! 2 0 t h ring 3 spherical, the waves interfere destructively, hence the central of... Theory in the center of Newton ’ s strings are viewed through the theory and,...

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