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(Leo Tolstoy, 1879), Reason is the power man possesses to define his relationship to the universe. The Kingdom of God Is Within You (pre-reform Russian: Царство Божіе внутри васъ; post-reform Russian: Царство Божие внутри вас, tr. The Greek understood his relationship as follows: being dependent on the representatives of eternity- the gods- he ought to please them. It is similarly impossible to give the name religion to Comte’s positivism, since it only establishes a relationship between man and mankind, not with the infinite. This is what I have set out to do. the field strength or the energy density are particularly high. These periods of development, death and rebirth have always occurred in all religions. intuitions of the ancient philosophers and mystics. I sit on a man's back, choking him, and making him carry me, and yet assure myself and others that I am very sorry for him and wish to ease his lot by any means possible, except getting off his back. The reason they occur is because no matter how unsophisticated it may be, every religion in its true meaning always establishes a relationship between man and the infinite, which is one and the same for all people. All these principles are common to Brahmanism, Hebraism, Confucianism, Taoism, Buddhism, Christianity and Mohammedanism. This webpage on the metaphysics / theology of Leo Tolstoy seeks to explain the evolution of true religion (our connection to the Universe / God), Reason and Human Morality from the metaphysical foundation of Space and Motion and the Wave Structure of Matter. Once we correctly understand the true conception of self as universe then we realise that this morality is necessarily true (a tautology) for the other is a part of the self. It was impossible not to think about this. The main reason for the terrible cruelty between men today, apart from the absence of religion, is still the refined complexity of life which shields people from the consequences of their actions. A part of the infinite. (Leo Tolstoy, Confessions), If religion is the establishing of a relationship between man and the universe, defining the meaning of life, then morality is the indication and explanation of those activities that automatically result when a person maintains one or other relationship to the universe. (Leo Tolstoy, Confessions), True religion is that relationship, in accordance with reason and knowledge, which man establishes with the infinite world around him, and which binds his life to that infinity and guides his actions. ‘Religion is obsolete; to believe in anything other than science is ignorance. But in more recent times, since Hegel's assertion that all that exists is reasonable, the question of what one must do has been pushed to the background and philosophy has directed its whole attention to the investigation of things as they are, and to fitting them into a prearranged theory. That which I found false in the teachings, and that which I found true, and the conclusions I came to comprise the following section of this essay, which, if someone should consider it worthwhile and useful to people, will probably be published some day, somewhere. At these times the educated minority, no longer believing in the existing religious teaching, simply pretend to believe in it because they find it necessary for the purpose of holding the masses to the established order of life. ... And the cause of everything is that which we call God. On Morality, Free Will & God, Space and Motion and the Wave Structure of Matter, https://www.san.beck.org/WP18-Tolstoy.html, deduce the most simple science theory of reality - the wave structure of matter in space, censorship in physics / philosophy of science journals, science and society, realise the importance of truth and reality. Only for me, wretched fellow, it was obvious that the truth was interwoven with fine threads of falsehood, and that I could not accept it as such. Something went wrong. Brain Pickings participates in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn commissions by linking to Amazon. Likewise, it is essential to free people from the deception they are held in, in order for them to adopt the true religion: a relationship with God, the source of all things, which is correct and in accord with the development of humanity, together with the guidance for conduct that results from this relationship. "(George Orwell), "Hell is Truth Seen Too Late. Again it is absurd to suggest that man’s salvation from sin lies in baptism, or in believing that all these things actually happened, and that the son of God was killed in order to save people and that those who do not believe it will be punished by God with eternal torment. Tolstoy wrote this book as a philosophical and religious search for an understanding of life beyond scientific formulae, and as part of his search for human happiness. Most people know Leo Tolstoy through his epic novels Anna Karenina and War and Peace. The same is happening, only to a greater extent, among the Christian nations. of cultural life. Today these principles have become superfluous because science has replaced them. And, therefore, people do not do what is most natural, possible and necessary in our times: they do not destroy the deception that resembles religion, and do not adopt and propagate the truth. (If Buddhism does not provide a definition of God, it nevertheless recognises that with which man unites and merges as he reaches Nirvana. Despite the fact that at no time and in no place have people ever lived without religion, the learned people of today say, we can and must live without religion. Principles of True Religion, Leo Tolstoy. However, since the appearance of rational man there has not been one human society that could live or has lived without religion. Significantly, the Wave Structure of Matter shows that Matter and the Universe are One. If a man lives, then he must believe in something. They lead nowhere except to achieve the one purpose for which they are instigated: to conceal from oneself and others the evil in which men live and which they commit. According to rational knowledge life is an evil and people know it. But, when reason diverges from its own particular function (the clarification of the relationship with God and the activities that conform to it), and is directed not only at service to the flesh, or bitter strife with other men and other creatures, but also at justifying this evil existence, so contrary to man’s nature and purpose, then these dreadful misfortunes occur from which the majority of today’s people are suffering. (Leo Tolstoy, Confessions), As a result of my interest in religion, I had come into contact with believers of various denominations: Catholics, Protestants, Old Believers, Molokans, and others. Read 24 940 reviews from the world's largest community for readers. By giving identical answers to all members of any particular society, when they ask questions about what the world is and what they the inhabitants are, all religions unite men and bring them closer to the reality of well-being. We have a wonderful collection of knowledge from the greatest minds in human history, so people will appreciate your contributions. No matter how this relationship has varied, for different peoples and at different times, it has always defined man’s destiny in the world, from which guidance for conduct followed naturally. Without faith it is impossible to live. https://www.theguardian.com/books/2010/jan/06/leo-tolstoy-the-last-station It defines man’s relationship to God as of a part to a whole. And, in the name of Christian love, Russians were killing their fellow men. And, therefore, in respect of the infinitely small phenomena of life that influence his behaviour, a rational person must do what in mathematics is called integration: that is, establish a relation to the immediate issues of life, a relation to the entire infinite universe in time and space, conceiving of it as a whole. (Leo Tolstoy, Confessions), One need only recall Christ’s teaching forbidding violent resistance to evil, and people, from the privileged gentry as compared to the labouring classes, will, whether they are believers or non-believers, simply smile ironically at such a reference, as if the idea that non-violent resistance to evil were possible is such blatant nonsense that serious-minded people would not even mention it. They have the choice of ending their lives and yet they have always carried on living, just as I myself have done, despite having known for a long time that life is meaningless and evil. As he writes; All the concepts we use to compare the finite to the infinite, and to arrive at an understanding of life, of the concepts of God, freedom and goodness, are put to the test of logic. During the decades of his world fame as sage and preacher as well as author of War and Peace and Anna Karenin, Tolstoy wrote prolifically in a series of essays and polemics on issues of morality, social justice and religion. All the concepts we use to compare the finite to the infinite, and to arrive at an understanding of life, of the concepts of God, freedom and goodness, are put to the test of logic. (Leo Tolstoy, Confessions), I was not so much alienated by the fact that in expounding their religious beliefs they confused Christian truths that had always been close to me with much that was unnecessary and irrational. According to this theory the destruction of the weakest is a law which should not be opposed. This ‘truc’ consisted in attributing infallibility not only to certain words, but to a certain group of people called the ‘Church’, who had a right to pass this infallibility on to people selected by themselves. (Leo Tolstoy, Confessions). .. But this is not true. I refer to this speech because it was the first to fall into my hands and because it was delivered in the capital of the educated world by a person whom everyone recognised to be a scholar. I do not seek that, nor can I, since I know the unusual nature of religious knowledge. Today we, enlightened people, are living in a scientific period, a period of positive science which will replace religion and lead humanity to a height of development which was unattainable while it was subordinated to superstitious religious teachings. Though Leo Tolstoy writes very eloquently about the principles of True Religion, (see below for quotations from Tolstoy's Confessions), he did not believe that our True connection to the Universe could ever be known; Science, including philosophy, cannot establish man’s relationship to the infinite universe, or towards its origin, if no other reason than that before any kind of philosophy or science could come into existence there must have been that, without which it is impossible to have any kind of mental activity, or any kind of relationship whatsoever between man and the universe. (Leo Tolstoy, Confessions). But they fail to stand up to the critique of reason. They were also cited as an inspiration by Mahatma Gandhi in the formation of his own philosophy of nonviolence from both Jainism and Hinduism. (Leo Tolstoy, Confessions), Thus, in order to accept the Christian teaching in its true meaning, the people of the Christian world, who have, to a greater or lesser extent, understood the truth of Christianity, must free themselves not only from their belief in the false forms of a perverted Christian teaching, but also from belief in the necessity and inevitably of that system of government that was founded on this false Church religion. They have also led their complex, subtle and useless mental activities to such a level of unnecessary intricacy and confusion in order to conceal the evil in their lives, that the majority have entirely lost the capacity of differentiating between good and evil, falsehood and truth. The reality of miracles was admitted because they bore witness to the infallibility of the Church, and the sanctity of the Bible was agreed because it was acknowledged by the Church. It is impossible for there to be a person with no religion (i.e. ', and 'If you look for perfection, you'll never be content.' a severe struggle; for the handful of those who are really determined to do something is minute in comparison with the mass of the lukewarm But they fail to stand up to the critique of reason. Shop for Leo Tolstoy Philosophy Books in Books at Walmart and save. See all books authored by Leo Tolstoy, including , and War and Peace, and more on ThriftBooks.com. Religion, like all that lives, has the characteristics of birth, development, ageing, death and rebirth- rebirth in forms that are ever more perfect than the previous ones. The oldest and most common definition of the word religion (religare, to bind) runs as follows: religion is the bond between man and God. This has occurred many times in various human societies. There can be nothing as immoral as those dreadful teachings according to which an angry and vengeful God punishes everyone for the sin of Adam, or that he sent his son to earth to save us, knowing beforehand that men would murder him and be damned for it. ... We must not conceal from ourselves that no improvement in the present depressing situation is possible without A slight addition to the Gospels was invented saying that when He departed for heaven, Christ handed certain people the exclusive right not just of instructing people in the sacred truth (according to the Gospel texts he handed over at the same time a right, seldom used, of being invulnerable to snakes, poisons and fire), but of saving and condemning people, and more importantly of conferring this power on others. Death of Ivan Ilych: The online version of Leo Tolstoy novel, first published in 1886 and translated by Louise and Aylmer Maude, is distributed by the Tolstoy Library.The novel illustrates how an authentic life is made possible through contemplation of death. (Leo Tolstoy, Confessions). To claim that the supernatural and irrational form the basic characteristics of religion is much the same as noticing only the rotten apples and then claiming that the basic features of the fruit named apple are a flaccid bitterness and a harmful effect produced in the stomach. Thus the essence of religion has been, and still is, understood by people with the highest human faculty, as the establishing by man of a relationship with the infinite Being, or beings, whose power he feels over him. The same kind of decline occurred in the Greek and Roman religions, with Christianity appearing after the lowest ebb of the decline had been reached. Since the relationship is the same for … Constant raptures over Schopenhauer and a whole series of spiritual delights which I've never experienced before. Great Savings & Free Delivery / Collection on many items One can see the terrible distortion of man’s spiritual world that inevitably results from such an education, and is supported in adult life by all the techniques of persuasion which, with the aid of the clergy, are continually exercised on people. This relationship leads quite arbitrarily to Comte’s morals, which despite making very high demands are unfounded. God is Life. (Leo Tolstoy, Confessions), And so, those who, like the working populace, believe in the lawfulness of the existing structure of society, as too the so-called educated people who try, either gradually or by revolutionary processes, to change the existing order, believe equally in the necessity of violence as a chief weapon for structuring society. A part of the infinite. 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