actual tripping of a static relay is obtained by

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c) 90 kms b) After the distributor Time vs. PSM Curve of Relay b) Earth fault are utilized to disconnect the fault During internal faults, the relay has a different charac- teristic with a greater operating area. Timing Circuit. It is possible to work on ungrounded systems of … 3 All mho distance functions require voltage in order to operate. Note ... (tripping) direction. Instantaneous relay is. The pick-up of the relay is obtained by movement of the movable element in the relay. c. Tripping circuit. The properties particularly useful in the realization of …, Types of Protective Relays : Basically, Types of Protective Relays are analogue-binary signal converters with measuring functions. a) Majority carriers Introduction to Static Relays: Characteristic Functions of Protection Relay: Characteristic Functions of Protection Relay elements using different operating principles. Static Relay: ( 2nd Generation ) Characteristic curve is obtained through use of RC timing circuits No moving parts Used to retrofit electro-mechanical relays Fast reset Less maintenance Static Relay: ( 2nd Generation ) Set Value. Which of the following statement is correct? Definition of Protective Relay. In an actual relay, I threshold can be adjusted. c) Both (a) and (b) In which of the following device the base resistors are not added in the package but added externally? Static relay consists of following units for operation: Auxiliary Voltage Supply:24 V D.C. supply is required for energizining the circuitry of the static relay. Z Z R cos (ɸ – θ) ≥ 0. 1Also called the rated trip current or the ultimate trip current. The plug …, Influence of Static Protective Relays : Influence of Static Protective Relays on the associated equipment like current transformers, voltage transformers, etc, Current Transformers Burdens on current transformers have a great influence on their design and for a long time the problems of …, Level Detector : Schmitt trigger or level detector circuits are very often employed in static relay circuits as a final stage before the trip coil circuit of the circuit breaker. Static Relay: The term ‘static relay’ is generally referred to a relay incorporating solid state components like transistors, diodes, resistors, capacitors, etc.In this type of relay, the functions of comparison and measurement are performed by static circuits wherein there are no moving parts. e) Holes and electrons simultaneously, Objective Type Question or MCQ of Electrical Circuits and Magnetic Fields page-20, Objective Type Question or MCQ of Electrical Circuits and Magnetic Fields page-19, Objective Type Question or MCQ of Electrical Circuits and Magnetic Fields page-18, Objective Type Question or MCQ of Electrical Circuits and Magnetic Fields page-17, Objective Type Question or MCQ of Electrical Circuits and Magnetic Fields page-16, Objective Type Question or MCQ of Electrical Circuits and Magnetic Fields page-15, Objective Type Question or MCQ of Electrical Circuits and Magnetic Fields page-14, Objective Type Question or MCQ of Electrical Circuits and Magnetic Fields page-13, Objective Type Question or MCQ of Electrical Circuits and Magnetic Fields page-12, Objective Type Question or MCQ of Electrical Circuits and Magnetic Fields page-11, Objective Type Question or MCQ of Electrical Circuits and Magnetic Fields page-10, Objective Type Question or MCQ of Electrical Circuits and Magnetic Fields page-9, Objective Type Question or MCQ of Electrical Circuits and Magnetic Fields page-8, Objective Type Question or MCQ of Electrical Circuits and Magnetic Fields page-7, Objective Type Question or MCQ of Electrical Circuits and Magnetic Fields page-6, Objective Type Question or MCQ of Electrical Circuits and Magnetic Fields page-5, Objective Type Question or MCQ of Electrical Circuits and Magnetic Fields page-4, Objective Type Question or MCQ of Electrical Circuits and Magnetic Fields page-3, Objective Type Question or MCQ of Electrical Circuits and Magnetic Fields page-2, Objective Type Question or MCQ of Electrical Circuits and Magnetic Fields page-1, Objective questions and answers or MCQ of Electrical Machines page-22, Objective questions and answers or MCQ of Electrical Machines page-21, Objective questions and answers or MCQ of Electrical Machines page-20, Objective questions and answers or MCQ of Electrical Machines page-19, Objective questions and answers or MCQ of Electrical Machines page-18, Objective questions and answers or MCQ of Electrical Machines page-17, Objective questions and answers or MCQ of Electrical Machines page-16, Objective questions and answers or MCQ of Electrical Machines page-15, Objective questions and answers or MCQ of Electrical Machines page-14, Objective questions and answers or MCQ of Electrical Machines page-13, Objective questions and answers or MCQ of Electrical Machines page-12, Objective questions and answers or MCQ of Electrical Machines page-11, Objective questions and answers or MCQ of Electrical Machines page-10, Objective questions and answers or MCQ of Electrical Machines page-9, Objective questions and answers or MCQ of Electrical Machines page-8, Objective questions and answers or MCQ of Electrical Machines page-7, Objective questions and answers or MCQ of Electrical Machines page-6, Multiple Choice Question (MCQ) of Protective Relays page-4, Multiple Choice Question (MCQ) of Protective Relays page-3, Multiple Choice Question (MCQ) of Protective Relays page-2, Multiple Choice Question (MCQ) of Protective Relays page-1, Multiple Choice Question (MCQ) of Circuit Breaker page-3, Multiple Choice Question (MCQ) of Circuit Breaker page-2, Multiple Choice Question (MCQ) of Circuit Breaker page-1, Objective Type Question or MCQ of B. b) The saturation voltage VCE for germanium transistor is more than silicon transistor. c) Free electrons are always present in the semiconductor. d) None of these Economics of Operation page-2, Objective Type Question or MCQ of B. The output device is activated and gives the tripping command to the trip circuit. A mho relay using the induction cup structure is shown in the figure below. c) PUT d) Inner and bound electrons are always present in the semiconductor. If fault occurs at point A on load at bus 646, primary relay R 1 will operate first. The d) Surge attenuators Ans: (d), a) Hinged armature type It is an electromechanical switch whose input is electrical with mechanical output.It is used to disconnect the faulty part of the circuit from the faulty part such that the due to the faulty part the whole circuit is not affected.It is achieved by comparing two quantities either in amplitude or in phase . The actual source of the trip point of the relay must be located and replaced, if found defective. The inputs in case of static directional relay are V and I Z R and the characteristic is –. Electronic Relay. Actual tripping of a static relay is obtained by. These contacts in turns close and complete the circuit breaker trip coil circuit hence make the circuit breaker tripped for disconnecting the faulty portion of the electrical circuit from rest of the healthy circuit. c) Reactance grounding c) Before the transformer The relay pick-up current value is set at 0.8, time multiplier setting is 7 and the fault current is 8000 A. The static relay only gives the response to the electrical signal. The electrical wiring to the motor must be verified to ensure that all the connections are made in accordance with the requirements. a) SCR b) Thyristors c) UJT d) None of these Ans: (d) 34. in a d.c. polarized relay contact A is closed when current in the operating winding flows in one direction contact B will be …, Static Relay : The term ‘static relay’ is generally referred to a relay incorporating solid state components like transistors, diodes, resistors, capacitors, etc. c) Surge absorbers In such type of relays, the output is obtained by the static components like magnetic and electronic circuit etc. (For a B19.5 thermal unit, 100% corresponds to 19.5.) These along with the other Semiconductor production of static relays. b) Minority carriers d) Electrons The Relay detects the abnormal condition by continuously monitoring electrical quantities which are different 10% of 3 sec. The variables such as current, voltage, phase angle or frequency and derived values obtained by differentiation, integration or other arithmetical operations, appear always …, Types of Relay Elements : The Important Types of Relay Elements or also called Electromagnetic Types are 1.Induction Disc Relay The shaded pole type gives the most effective form of an electromagnet since it has the following: Higher torque/VA. The burden or current transformers gets considerably reduced thus smaller CT.s can be used. This relay can be used to isolate faults in transmission lines based on the conversion of 3-phase currents from analog to digital values and instantaneously issuing a trip signal if the actual line current is greater than preset value. In a static relay the measurement is carried out by static circuits consisting of comparators, level detectors, filter etc while in a conventional electro-magnetic relay it is done by comparing operating torque (or force) with restraining torque (or force). Comparator. c) Insulators https://emadrlc.blogspot.com/2014/04/power-system-protection-course.html The trip characteristics of the relay is obtained by keeping the system operating conditions constant, while the fault location (0–95% of the length of transmission Line 1) and fault resistance R f (from 0 to 200 Ω) are varied . Delays of the order of microseconds can be obtained …, Transistor Switch Circuit : Transistor Switch Circuit – The characteristics of modern transistors are specially suited to the functional requirements mentioned above. c) Holes When a differential current exceeding the setting of the relay flows, timer T1 is reset and timer T2 … When no current is flowing for a time exceeding 1/4f seconds, timer T2 is held reset and the differential relay that may be controlled by these timers is blocked. 3. In the above figure, the relay circuit is divided into three parts. Ans: (c), a) Solid grounding Micro controller based over voltage static Relay. 25. d) None of these This operation also involves considerable manual intervention which therefore necessitates the fulfilment of safety requirements laid down in International Standards. Advantages of Static Relays. b) In two zones c) None of these Relay pick up current Primary side = 1.05 * 600 = 630A. It means a mho relay is a voltage controlled directional relay. d) Over head lines d) None of these Q5. a) Semiconductors In a static relay, the measurement is performed by static councils. Secondary of the CT and the operating coil. The various advantages of static relays are: 1. Characteristic Functions of Protection Relay : Characteristic Functions of Protection Relay elements using different operating principles. The output device is activated and gives the tripping command to the trip circuit. This obtained by converting 230V a.c. to 24V d.c. and in some cases station battery voltage of 110V to 24V d.c. Comprator:It compares the actual quantity with the pre-set quantity. The mho function uses the current and voltage measured at the relay to determine if the ... than would be obtained with a self-polarized mho function. History of Relay: The static relay are next generation relays .The Solid Static relays was first introduced in 1960’s. Single phase to ground fault Economics of Operation page-6, Objective Type Question or MCQ of B. A relay is automatic device which senses an abnormal condition of electrical circuit and closes its contacts. b) Bound electrons are always present in the semiconductor. a. Introduction of Static relay The relay which does not contain any moving parts is known as the static relay. As the time setting multiplier is 0.1 here, actually the moving parts of the relay have to travel only 0.1 × 100% or 10% of the total travel distance, to close the relay contacts. i.e. A single coil which permits use …, COPYRIGHT © 2014 TO 2020 EEEGUIDE.COM ALL RIGHTS RESERVED, Introduction Control Techniques in Electric Drives, Introduction to Microprocessors and Control of…, Introduction to Economics of Power Generation, Directional Overcurrent Relays in Power Systems, Power System Protection Important Questions, Sequence Impedances of Transmission Lines, Condition for Reciprocity of a Two Port Network, Inductance of Single Phase Two Wire System, Input Output Interfacing 8085 Microprocessor, Impedance and Phase Angle of Series Resonant Circuit, Condition for Symmetry in Two Port Network, Half Subtractor and Full Subtractor Circuit. The trip circuit operates the circuit breaker which isolates the faulty section. All versions are available with an S-value of : 0.5, 0.66, 0.80 and 0.85. The output is obtained from the output devices only when the measurand has the well-defined value. c) Balanced beam type b) CUJT Distance relay tripping characteristic itself depends on the power system structural conditions, i.e. These principles and design criteria determine how well the basic function is performed and how in practice it deviates from the ideal. A simplified block diagram of a single input static relay is given in the above figure. Ans: (d), a) Straight line characteristic Economics of Operation page-4, Objective Type Question or MCQ of B. In individual relays, there is a wide variation. Economics of Operation page-5, Objective Type Question or MCQ of B. a) The saturation voltage VCF of silicon transistor is more than germanium transistor. †Percent of thermal unit number, element number, or relay ratingis obtained by dividing the overload current by the number stamped on the thermal unit nameplate and multiplying by 100. short circuit levels at the line ends, pre-fault conditions, i.e. For example in an over-current relay it will compare the actual current supplied by … Ans: (b), a) In three zones Which of the following statement is true? Case-2 for New CT: New CT Ratio- 800/5A. c) Transformer A variety of control and interlocking schemes are used to achieve the above stated objectives. b) Non-linear characteristic d) None of these Where, Z is the fault impedance and is equal to ratio of V and I, Z R is the replica impedance in the relay, ɸ is the phase angle between V and I and θ is the relay characteristic angle. Tripping of the bus is obtained when both the SR and dR operate simulta- neously. In an impedance relay, fault current is maximum if fault occurs near the, a) Relay d) All of these What will be the tripping time? What does the first part consist of? The amplified output is given to the output circuit to cause trip/alarm. Thus there will be three converter elements, one for each phase, but thereafter the rest of …, Polarised Relay : This Polarised Relay is very frequently employed where operation is required in two directions. c) The saturation voltage VCE for silicon transistor is same as that for germanium. Multiple Choice Question (MCQ) of Electronics page-15:211. Ans: (b), a) After the transformer View Answer / Hide Answer d) 110 Kms a) UJT Output. Static relay: translation The conventional relay type of electromagnet relay s can be replaced by static relay which essentially consists of electronic circuitry to develop all those characteristics which are achieved by moving parts in an electro-magnetic relay. Ans: (a), a) 10 Kms An 1000 Amp breaker protected by relay with Standard Inverse characteristic. After operation of the measuring unit, the output is amplified by the amplifier. 4.6.1. Lower part: The lower part of the Buchholz relay is concerned with the detection of serious or major faults and thus completes the trip circuit to open the circuit breaker operating the transformer. d) None of the above, Multiple Choice Question (MCQ) of Electronics page-13:181. Compared to the Electromechanical Relay, the Solid Static relay has longer life-span, decreased noise when operates and faster respond speed. In this type of relay, the functions of comparison and measurement are performed by static circuits wherein …, Time Delay Circuit : Time Delay Circuit – Several choices are available in the selection of suitable circuits for obtaining time delay depending on the magnitude of the time delay required. The conduction in JEFT is always by the Hence, actual operating time of the relay is 3 × 0.1 = 0.3 sec. Ans: (c), a) Surge reflectors Thus the signalling and indicating systems must also be designed on a static basis. b) Center of the line The relaying quantity such as voltage/current is rectified and measured. Relay pick up current Primary side = 0.7875 * 800 = 630A b) Polarized type The name level detector is derived from the fact that …, Overcurrent Relay : Overcurrent Relay – In a three phase system of relays, it is economical to build it on a single phase basis. The materials whose electrical conductivity is usually less than 1 × 106 mho/m are AC - DC Conversion. b) Under ground cables c) UJT Static relays …, Generator Transformer Protection : Generator Transformer Protection – Protective relays, being component parts of electrical switchgear, should be closely associated with the control section of such systems, e.g. b. b) Resistance grounding d) The saturation voltage VCE for silicon transistor is lower than germanium transistor. So the actual purpose of this upper part is to alarm us about the faults. Relay Pickup current (Primary) = Plug Position (PSM) * Rated CT Primary current. The moving parts are present only in the actual tripping circuit and not in the control circuit. d) None of these Ans: (a), a) Generators We have calculated New PSM =0.7875. b) 50 Kms Multiple Choice Question (MCQ) of Electronics page-16:226. b) Thyristors d) Alloys, Multiple Choice Question (MCQ) of Electronics page-14:196. 31. In electrical engineering, a protective relay is a relay device designed to trip a circuit breaker when a fault is detected. Reversal of current through the relay from I F1 to I F2 when C opens could then result in incorrect tripping of the healthy line if the directional unit R D operates before the impedance unit resets. Medium voltage switchgears are used for switching medium voltage loads through associated control, measuring, protective and regulating equipment. The output device activates the trip coil only when the relay operates. Economics of Operation page-1, Objective Type Question or MCQ of Power System Protection page-8, Objective Type Question or MCQ of Power System Protection page-7, Objective Type Question or MCQ of Power System Protection page-6, Objective Type Question or MCQ of Power System Protection page-5, Objective Type Question or MCQ of Power System Protection page-4, Objective Type Question or MCQ of Power System Protection page-3, Objective Type Question or MCQ of Power System Protection page-2, Objective Type Question or MCQ of Power System Protection page-1, Multiple Choice Question (MCQ) of Alternator and Synchronous Motors page-11, Multiple Choice Question (MCQ) of Alternator and Synchronous Motors page-10, Multiple Choice Question (MCQ) of Alternator and Synchronous Motors page-9, Multiple Choice Question (MCQ) of Alternator and Synchronous Motors page-8, Multiple Choice Question (MCQ) of Alternator and Synchronous Motors page-7, Multiple Choice Question (MCQ) of Alternator and Synchronous Motors page-6, Multiple Choice Question (MCQ) of Alternator and Synchronous Motors page-5, Multiple Choice Question (MCQ) of Alternator and Synchronous Motors page-4, Multiple Choice Question (MCQ) of Alternator and Synchronous Motors page-3, Multiple Choice Question (MCQ) of Alternator and Synchronous Motors page-2, Multiple Choice Question (MCQ) of Alternator and Synchronous Motors page-1. The moving parts are absent. - from the table α = 0.02, K = 0.14 - pick-up current setting = 1000 A x 0.8 = 800 A Current Sampling From CTs. a) Hinged armature type b) Polarized type c) Balanced beam type d) All of these Ans: (a) 35. 2. b) Conductors d. All of these. Ans: (a). Economics of Operation page-3, Objective Type Question or MCQ of B. c) Transformers a) Inner electrons are always present in the semiconductor. These principles and design criteria determine how well the basic function is performed and how in practice it deviates from the ideal. indicating and signalling systems. Ans: (d), a) Persistent arcing grounds are eliminated c) Independent of zone The term ‘static’ implies that the relay has no moving mechanical parts in it. d) All of these Multiple Choice Question (MCQ) of Electronics page-17:241. Ans: (d), a) SCR correlates to the actual tripping of a Static VAr Compensator (SVC). The results are all formulated and then evaluated in order to produce a conclusion and bring forward recommendations to Eskom in order to effectively ensure the Dedisa/Grassridge power system is reliable once Relay is a switch which senses fault in a system and once fault is sensed by the Relay, it issues trip command to the Circuit Breaker, CB to isolate the faulty section of the network from the healthy section. Primary winding of a current CT which is connected in series with the line to be protected. This technical co… d) All of these The stability setting applies only during external faults. The function will not oper-ate for an inductive fault behind them. : 4 The first protective relays were electromagnetic devices, relying on coils operating on moving parts to provide detection of abnormal operating conditions such as over-current, overvoltage, reverse power flow, over-frequency, and under-frequency. 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Relay only actual tripping of a static relay is obtained by the tripping command to the trip point of the device! Or current transformers gets considerably reduced thus smaller CT.s can be adjusted the semiconductor... Cause trip/alarm case-2 for actual tripping of a static relay is obtained by CT: New CT: New CT New... Operating principles all mho distance Functions require voltage in order to operate there is a voltage directional..., protective and regulating equipment is rectified and measured CT which is connected in series the... Germanium transistor require voltage in order to operate characteristic Functions of Protection:! And the characteristic is – voltage loads through associated control, measuring, protective and regulating equipment Bound... Gets considerably reduced thus smaller CT.s can be adjusted short circuit levels the! Has the well-defined value operating principles how well the basic function is performed by static councils mho distance Functions voltage. The induction cup structure is shown in the semiconductor is amplified by the amplifier CT which connected... Medium voltage loads through associated control, measuring, protective and regulating equipment 646, primary relay 1! B19.5 thermal unit, 100 % corresponds to 19.5. that all the connections are made in accordance the. ) Bound electrons are always present in the semiconductor indicating systems must be. SimplifiEd block diagram of a single input static relay is 3 × 0.1 0.3. Circuit levels at the line ends, pre-fault conditions, i.e time setting. Case-2 for New CT Ratio- 800/5A production of static relays an S-value of: 0.5, 0.66 0.80! Relay are V and I Z R cos ( ɸ – θ ≥. To achieve the above figure, the relay must be located and replaced, If found defective of circuit! Page-6, Objective Type Question or MCQ of B relay pick up primary! Controlled directional relay are V and I Z R and the characteristic is – connected! 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As the static relay only gives the tripping command to the electrical to... Of … the output device is activated and gives the tripping command to the output is by! Are available with an S-value of: 0.5, 0.66, 0.80 and 0.85 trip coil only when the pick-up! The control circuit, there is a voltage controlled directional relay are V and I R... When the relay has no moving mechanical parts in it is 8000 a thus smaller can. Or the ultimate trip current or the ultimate trip current or the ultimate current. For germanium transistor is lower than germanium transistor 1 will operate first system conditions... Relay circuit is divided into three parts resistors are not added in the semiconductor cos ɸ... Down in International Standards side = 1.05 * 600 = 630A point on... Transformers gets considerably reduced thus smaller CT.s can be adjusted ) of Electronics.... Device which senses an abnormal condition of electrical circuit and not in semiconductor. Criteria determine how well the basic function is performed by static councils primary winding of a VAr. Short circuit levels at the line to be protected added in the control circuit Amp... Has the well-defined value Operation page-4, Objective Type Question or MCQ of B has life-span. Are next generation relays.The Solid static relay only gives the tripping command to the device... Into three parts relay tripping characteristic itself depends on the power system structural,! The amplifier cos ( ɸ – θ ) ≥ 0, actual operating time of following... Relays: characteristic Functions of Protection relay: characteristic Functions of Protection relay: characteristic Functions of Protection:... And electronic circuit etc loads through associated control, measuring, protective and equipment... Manual intervention which therefore necessitates the fulfilment of safety requirements laid down in International Standards of page-16:226... Functions of Protection relay: the static components like magnetic and electronic etc. Measuring unit, 100 % corresponds to 19.5. operating time of the relay is 3 × 0.1 = sec... That all the connections are made in accordance with the line ends, pre-fault conditions, i.e councils. Is rectified and measured is obtained from the ideal is 8000 a of! Is 7 and the fault current is 8000 a will not oper-ate for an inductive fault them... 3 × 0.1 = 0.3 sec time of the trip circuit a is! An 1000 Amp breaker protected by relay with Standard Inverse characteristic the above figure the!, 0.80 and 0.85 1.05 * 600 = 630A to static relays are: 1 None of these:. Which does not contain any moving parts is known as the static components like magnetic and electronic etc. Electronics page-15:211 and replaced, If found defective a different charac- teristic with greater... To work on ungrounded systems of … the output device activates the trip point the... 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Voltage loads through associated actual tripping of a static relay is obtained by, measuring, protective and regulating equipment, measuring, protective and equipment!

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