torque measurement methods

Torque is an important mechanical quantity in the area of machine building although it is not confined to that alone. Torque measurement methods are inherently linked with the target speed and power of the motor. The need for low-weight, high-efficiency and high-power density motors has led to an increased research and development activity in the field of very high speed (VHS) motors or generators. Torque monitoring is very important for real-time control and fault diagnosis of mechanical equipment. The most common methods use measuring shafts and strain gauges. Digital torque wrench - This torque measurement tool will determine the level of torque applied after three degrees of movement. Torque can be calculated together with a rotational speed measurement. The MX 16 is a compact, one input, digital or analog, low profile sensor for continual gas detection. Torque measurement is achieved by estimating the shaft twist angle through analysis of zebra tape pulse train time shifts. Torque is an important parameter of a mechanical power system, which reflects transmission efficiency, transmission reliability, and operating conditions of equipment. The key methods of torque measurement with reference to the electrical and mechanical configuration of torque transducers based on the strain gage principle are also discussed. The main selection criteria are: Figure 2. In the direct calculation method, a direct torque measurement tool is used. A significant advantage of determining torque by this method is that there is no need for any kind of mechanical intervention in the power train. Torque meter: designed for torsion A torque meter is a measurement instrument analogue to a dynamometer, designed to operate in torsion. Two ways of torque mounting can be distinguished. In this method, the torque is obtained in a rotating train of shafts and is commonly known as in-line torque measurement. a self-aligning brake (see Fig. The torque signal is determined through direct torque measurement in the drive train. 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Using a U2B force tran… Parasitic loads - The term parasitic loads refers to all forces and moments which can act on a transducer in addition to the intended measured quantity. On diesel engines without common rail, the torque can be measured by fetching the engine. SWIR Cameras for Agricultural Sorting and Inspection, Customizing Liquid Flow Meters for Specific Applications, The Importance of Calibration for Torque Sensors and Load Cells. The torque required to turn the socket will be carried directly by the socket extension. AZoSensors. The method for measuring torque depends on the application; torque can be measured either directly or indirectly. Conversely, with hydraulic torque measurement the torque is converted directly into pressure that can be … A torque measurement method based on the theory of magnetic effect is proposed for multipoint torque … SGs exhibit high strength in the presence of vibration, making them highly stable under alternating loads. Since 1950, HBM (renamed HBK in 2020) has been a leader in precise and reliable test and measurement products. The most common methods use measuring shafts and strain gauges. Measuring torque precisely, in particular on rotating parts, places high demands on test bench manufacturers and users. Propulsion shaft torque measurement, despite various techniques available, has never been commonly used on commercial merchant ships in the past, except for sea trials. Please use one of the following formats to cite this article in your essay, paper or report: Hottinger Baldwin Messtechnik GmbH (HBM). Maintenance requirements – Transducers with slip rings need regular maintenance, especially since there is a limited service life for slip ring brushes. They can measure precisely, however, the measured variable must be tapped via sliding contacts or wirelessly. Frictional Type Axial Strain Transducer FGAH-1B-R / FGAH-1B-H Simply installing on a tie rod allows shaft strain to be measured easily. 2020. 1) - requires complicated mechanics. In this interview, AZoSensors talks to Mike Grodzki, a Product Manager at Teledyne DALSA, about the use of SWIR cameras in agricultural sorting and inspection and the benefits this brings to the field. Torque is determined indirectly through measurement of certain auxiliary quantities in the drive train. Dynamic torque from torsional vibration and parasitic loads from bending and axial vibrations. The direct method of torque measurement offers … Furthermore, this method is not suitable for dynamic tests because of the large masses involved, since they virtually act as a "mechanical low pass" (see Fig. Direct torque measurement When exact and reproducible measurements of torque need to be determined dynamically, and for dynamic as well as static long-term measurements, strain gage technology provides the basis for direct measurements on the test object with the help of rotating … Dynamic torque measurement Sensor T40B The high-precision torque transducer AVL is the number-one supplier of complete testbed solutions, including torque sensors and torque transducers. This type of strain provides measurements which are exactly proportional to the torque applied to the transducer. With branches in 30 countries, customers worldwide receive results they can trust. The direct method of torque measurement offers many technological advantages. A torque measurement device associated with a power driven ground engaging device having a power supplying device and a load. It's providing easy integration of test benches and top-quality torque transducers. Using a U2B force transducer to determine the reaction force acting on a lever arm. Torque transducers built without bearings and have contactless measurement signal transmission are maintenance-free and wear-free, as are couplings such as the bellows or multi-disk type. The reaction forcemeasurement method is used for indirect determination of torque. Further advantages include higher measurement accuracy and the possibility to measure higher rotational speed. The higher the mass, the more the bending and the lesser the natural bending frequencies. Torque Application and Measurement Methods. This method has numerous technical advantages those can boost the functioning of your machine. Magnetic elastic torque measurement method is a method which makes use of the magnetoelastic effect of the ferromagnetic materials and other alloy materials to realize the torque measurement. "Torque Application and Measurement Methods". Anton Paar’s range of inline CO2 sensors provide accurate, continuous measurement for CO2. module against the drive shaft that measures torque thanks to the magnetic field between the. Precise measurement of the torque on rotating sections, placing high demand on test bench users and manufacturers. SG torque transducers include spring elements combined with strain gages (SGs) and compensation elements as well as adaptation accessories for the torque connections to input and output sides. This includes all methods involving measurement either of the strain resulting from shaft torsion on its surface or of the shaft's torsion angle. Inline torque measurements are made by inserting a torque sensor between torque carrying components, much like inserting an extension between a socket and a socket wrench. Impose the torque on the elastic axis of ferromagnetic materials in the magnetic field. Torque transducers with SGs show excellent long-term stability when suitably configured for the application concerned. Mechanical installation - The mechanical connection method is also significant for instance in choosing between a flanged connection or a shaft stub connection. Inline torque measurements are made by inserting a torque sensor between torque carrying components, much like inserting an extension between a socket and a socket wrench. It is possible to measure torque in positive and negative directions regardless of whether the shaft train is rotating. Owned and operated by AZoNetwork, © 2000-2021. Calibration is also very difficult. Hottinger Baldwin Messtechnik GmbH (HBM). Figure 1. This will be based on the nominal torque of the machines that drive the configuration or the nominal torque of the driven application. Image credit: Hottinger Baldwin Messtechnik GmbH. Lecture Series on Industrial Instrumentation by Prof.Alok Barua, Department of Electrical Engineering,IIT Kharagpur. 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When determining the measurand torque using auxiliary quantities, for example, strain and torsion angle, it is essential to allow for individual errors resulting from diameter and input shaft length tolerances or from a measurement error in the torsion angle. Mass, mass moments of inertia – The mass of a torque transducer effects the possible sag and the bending vibration. It is required to periodically change a lubricant in tooth couplings. Retrieved on January 01, 2021 from https://www.azosensors.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=188. The first one, series connection is when the sensor transmit the whole value of torque in the mechanical circuit, i.e. Torque Measurement Instruments Norbar has a range of torque measurement instruments, from the easy to use, cost effective TruCheck through to the sophisticated T-Box™ 2 and TDMS software, which provides the complete solution for torque tool calibration, data logging and data management. Torque measurement methods are inherently linked with the target speed and power of the motor. Its proof body has a cylindrical shape, subject to shearing strains measured by strain gauges. Home > Total Solutions > Evaluation of Medical Equipment/Implant Materials > Torsional Torque Measurement by Micro Torsion Tester Torsional Torque Measurement by Micro Torsion Tester Test body holding devices are available for a wide variety of shapes, enabling extremely accurate evaluation of micro torque. Image credit: Hottinger Baldwin Messtechnik GmbH. However, relatively large errors and thus measurement uncertainties may be caused when calculating torque, since the power loss and the machine's operating states are also used in the calculation. Torque is an important mechanical quantity in many applications. Stiffness – Irrespective of whether bending, torsional or axial vibrations are considered, it is always the case that higher stiffness results in higher natural frequencies in the corresponding vibration; whereas, less stiffness leads to lower natural frequencies. They are an incredible breakthrough in hazardous zone asset tracking. AZoSensors, viewed 01 January 2021, https://www.azosensors.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=188. Torque is determined indirectly through measurement of certain auxiliaryquantities in the drive train. (2020, May 16). We use cookies to enhance your experience. METHODS A. Measurement concept Cantilever torque magnetometry utilizes a high-Q resonator to detect the interaction between a magnetic dipole and an exter- nal magnetic field.15–17The angular responseθof a cantilever with moment of inertia A, resonant frequencyω 0= 2πf Hottinger Baldwin Messtechnik GmbH (HBM). The torque required to turn the socket will be The key application areas, however, are more commonly found in process monitoring, such as mechanical agitators, rabblers and the like as it is required to monitor additional electrical parameters such as reactive power or efficiency. Hence the more the mass moment of inertia, the lower the natural frequencies for the same degree of stiffness. Frictional Type Torque Sensor System FGDH Series Installs on the drive shaft for measurement of torque, with digital communication. As SGs have very little mass, the frequencies involved in processes being studied can be very high (>50 kHz). Cost. > Torque Measurement > Torque Measurement Instruments Torque Measurement Instruments Norbar has a range of torque measurement instruments, from the easy to use, cost effective TruCheck through to the sophisticated T-Box™ 2 and TDMS software, which provides the complete solution for torque tool calibration, data logging and data management. First rough estimate of the torque in an application - In almost all cases, a rough idea of the torque expected to be present in an application will be available at the design stage. The rotation speed and electrical power of electrical machinery can be determined using modern measuring equipment. Classification of torque measurement methods. One can calculate torque from the speed of rotation and electrical power. These include: Classification under the calibration regulations. The HBM range includes several forms of force transducers and load cells that can measure reaction force by means of a lever arm (figure 2). The flange technology developed by HBM is characterized by an extremely short design and enables easy integration of high-quality torque transducers into test benches. The iTAG500 UHF RFID Tags from Extronics Ltd. Do you have a question you'd like to ask regarding this article? Establishment of Hand Torque Tools - Requirements and Test Methods (JIS B 4652) Standard 6 Torque Tools are Measurement Equipment TECHNICAL DATA Chapter **06_P074-095_E.indd 7906_P074-095_E.indd 79 114/06 The key features of the strain gauge principle as being important to torque measurement are: The main criteria to be considered while choosing a torque transducer and configuring an application are: The parameters that need to be considered include the following: The operating conditions and equipment features that need to be considered are: Parameters considered under measuring range and maximum torque include: Environmental influences on torque transducers include the following: This information has been sourced, reviewed and adapted from materials provided by HBM, Inc. For more information on this source, please visit HBM, Inc. https://www.azosensors.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=188. Therefore, new torque measurement methods compatible with … The force applied to the end of the lever arm is measured using a force transducer. Subscribe to our newsletter and learn about the latest trends in the measurement industry and get access to exclusive events and promotions! Stiffness 2. The main fields covered include selection criteria, the environment within which applications operate, installation, startup, vibration analysis, calibration, and the metrological principles applicable to measuring with torque transducers (figure 1). Torque is indirectly determined through measurement of the electric motor's power at the converter in the drive train. Modern test and measurement equipment makes it easy to determine electric power and rotational speed in electric machines. Normally, torque flanges are used for contactless measurement, for example, the T12 digital torque transducer or T40B from HBM. Torque Application and Measurement Methods. Their key application is non-rotating torque acquisition. It is one of the most important mechanical quantities in many industrial applications. 01 January 2021. AZoSensors. The force applied to the end of the lever arm is measured using a force transducer . Accurate torque measurement is essential for the development of a huge variety of products, ranging from sub-sea turbines for tidal energy systems and novel motors […] "Torque Application and Measurement Methods". Measuring the speed and angle of rotation – Several HBM torque transducers are fitted with a speed measuring system either as standard or as an alternative and some are also fitted with a measuring system for angle of rotation. (accessed January 01, 2021). that two ends of shafts are connected The meter calculates the power input by measuring the current and voltage in the line driving the motor. This article aims to cover the applications of torque transducers and offers a reference for resolution of issues impacting applications. Reaction torque transducers integrate into a single device - functionalities which the bearing and the force transducer have, in the case of the lever arm-based torque measurement. 2). Image credit: Hottinger Baldwin Messtechnik GmbH. Typical examples are process monitoring in agitators, rabblers and similar types of mixing equipment. In this interview, AZoSensors talks to Jonathan Armstrong, a manufacturing engineer at Sensing Systems Corporation, about the necessity of Torque sensor and Load cell calibration. The iTAG500 range from Extronics Ltd. is a range of intrinsically safe, passive UHF tags. Very-High-Speed Slotless Permanent-Magnet Motors: Analytical Modeling, Optimization, Design, and Torque Measurement Methods February 2010 … Hottinger Baldwin Messtechnik GmbH (HBM). The torque signal is determined through direct torque measurement in the drive train. Different generations of torque transducers. In addition, errors resulting from lacking or limited temperature compensation need to be taken into account when applying these measurement methods. More info. Torque measurement may be accomplished by mounting either the source or the sink in bearings (“cradling”) and measuring the reaction force F and arm length L; or else the torque in the shaft itself is measured in terms of the Interference effects such as variations in the self-aligning brake over time or expansion of the lever arm resulting from temperature variations need to be taken into account; otherwise they may cause measurement errors. . Please send a message and a representative will contact you shortly. The reaction forcemeasurement method is used for indirect determination of torque. Normally, torque flanges are used for contactless measurement, for example, the T12 digital torque transducer or T40B from HBM. Required accuracy 5. Dynamic torque - The expected dynamic torque must be known accurately when selecting a torque transducer, as the actual maximum torque is known from the dynamic torque peaks. The mass moment of inertia plays an identical role in torsional vibration as mass plays in bending vibration. There are two different approaches to determining torque: the direct and the indirect method. Torque can be multiplied via three methods: by locating the fulcrum such that the length of a lever is increased; by using a longer lever; or by the use of a speed reducing gearset or gear box. Torque is a type of force that tends to cause rotation. Direction of force: tensile and/or compressive force 4. Strain gages used in the SG measuring bridge together with their means of compensating for the effects of interference variables have superior characteristics with regard to linearity, hysteresis and reproducibility. The direct method ensures the maximum rotational speed measurement with higher accuracy. Tips & Tricks: Knowledge Bases For Your Measurement Tasks, Methods of torque measurement in drive train technology, When determining the measurand torque using auxiliary quantities, for example, strain and torsion angle, it is essential to allow for. Nominal and maximum torque can now be used in combination with the appropriate safety factors to select a particular torque transducer or a particular nominal torque. On dual fuel engines, running on gas mode, and common rail engines. The main selection criteria are: 1. This video is about suggesting Torque measurement devices and methods. It is possible to obtain static and dynamic moments. By continuing to browse this site you agree to our use of cookies. Torque transducers with contactless measurement signal transmission and bearings have a much lower maintenance requirement due to the very high service life of their bearings, but cannot be said to be maintenance-free. In the case of a torque transducer these are chiefly lateral and longitudinal forces, and bending moments. The methods used to measure torque can be further divided into two more categories, either reaction or in-line. Measuring the speed of rotation and maintenance requirements, The size of the torque to be measured, from the point of view of quasi-static processes, Dynamic torque from rotary acceleration and retardation, Mass and mass moment of inertia of a transducer, Torsional stiffness and stiffness with respect to other parasitic loads, Maximum speed of rotation, oscillating torque, Dynamic torque peaks from electrical machinery, Parasitic loads and required accuracy in the light of various aspects, Environmental effects: dust, foreign bodies, fluids, chemicals, temperature, atmospheric humidity, EMC conditions. A relatively simple method to estimate torque on the output shaft of an electrical motor is to measure its electrical power input via an electrical power meter. They can measure precisely, however, the measured variable must be tapped via sliding contacts or wirelessly. Nevertheless, increased interest in propulsion power They utilise well-established and proven measuring technology with incredible reliability and accuracy. Maximum operating speed - The torque transducer and coupling must survive undamaged at all operating speeds. Available in other languages: Measuring torque accurately, particularly in rotating shafts, can often be challenging, but new technology is providing a better solution, says Mark Ingham of Sensor Technology. AZoSensors. load from the fuel rack. Determining torque through reaction torque measurement using a force transducer - e.g. Accuracy - Quantitative determination of these aspects uses a large number of quantities that are to be found in a torque transducer’s specifications. Conversely, with hydraulic torque measurement the torque is converted directly into pressure that can be read on a … sensor and the spinning shaft. Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to develop a contactless torque measurement methods. In this interview, AZoSensors talks to Neil Hannay, a Senior Development Engineer at Titan Enterprises, about the customization of liquid flow meters for a variety of applications. Design 3. In both cases, torque is then calculated using the determined auxiliary quantity. Figure 2. The HBMrange includes several forms of force transducers and load cells that can measure reaction force by means of a lever arm (figure 2). Flange technology developed by HBM is characterized by an extremely short design and easy... In propulsion power this video is about suggesting torque measurement using a force transducer to determine electric power rotational... Motor 's power at the converter in the drive train inertia plays identical... Transducers and offers a reference for resolution of issues impacting applications time shifts, a direct torque measurement achieved... With higher accuracy case of a mechanical power System, which reflects transmission efficiency, transmission reliability, common. Question you 'd like to ask regarding this article reaction force acting on a lever arm is using... Axial strain transducer FGAH-1B-R / FGAH-1B-H Simply installing on a lever arm is measured using a transducer... Maximum rotational speed measurement with higher accuracy, continuous measurement for CO2 technological advantages electrical machinery can measured. Natural frequencies for the application concerned mode, and bending moments Extronics Ltd. is a range of safe! Industry and get access to exclusive events and promotions s range of intrinsically safe passive... //Www.Azosensors.Com/Article.Aspx? ArticleID=188 addition, errors resulting from lacking or limited temperature compensation need be! Line driving the motor by estimating the shaft train is rotating SGs show excellent stability. Is measured using a U2B force transducer to determine electric power and speed... Vibration as mass plays in bending vibration torque in positive and negative directions regardless whether... The mass moment of inertia, the more the bending and Axial vibrations results... Known as in-line torque measurement in the direct and the indirect method and measurement products inherently linked with target! Speed - the mechanical circuit, i.e the whole value of torque applied after three degrees movement... On its surface or of the motor the frequencies involved in processes being studied can very. Mass moment of inertia, the T12 digital torque transducer or T40B from HBM very important for real-time and. These measurement methods are inherently linked with the target speed and electrical.! Obtained in a rotating train of shafts and strain gauges circuit, i.e agitators, rabblers and types! Renamed HBK in 2020 ) has been a leader in precise and reliable test and measurement products diagnosis! Transducers into test benches and top-quality torque transducers and offers a reference for resolution of issues applications! Torque signal is determined indirectly through measurement of certain auxiliary quantities in many industrial applications by the. From lacking or limited temperature compensation need to be taken into account when applying these measurement.... Drive the configuration or the nominal torque of the lever arm is measured a. Sgs show excellent long-term stability when suitably configured for the application concerned highly stable under loads! Commonly known as in-line torque measurement moment of inertia – the mass of a torque transducer effects the sag! Wrench - this torque measurement tool is used for contactless measurement, for,... Operating conditions of equipment frequencies involved in processes being studied can be calculated together with rotational. Reliable test and measurement products of test benches measured using a force transducer? ArticleID=188 lateral and longitudinal forces and... Achieved by estimating the shaft train is rotating power of the most common use! The first one, series connection is when the sensor transmit the whole of. Bending vibration service life for slip ring brushes analog, low profile sensor for continual gas.... Message and a representative will contact you shortly speed and electrical power mechanical installation - the purpose this... Be measured easily rotating train of shafts and strain gauges most common methods use measuring shafts and strain.. Stub connection are exactly proportional to the transducer reaction force acting on a tie rod allows strain. High strength in the direct method of torque in positive and negative regardless! Drive shaft that measures torque thanks to the magnetic field events and promotions the purpose of this paper to... Compact, one input, digital or analog, low profile sensor continual... Approaches to determining torque through reaction torque measurement in the drive train the train. Bending frequencies on January 01, 2021 from https: //www.azosensors.com/article.aspx?.. Providing easy integration of test benches and top-quality torque transducers into test benches and torque. To develop a contactless torque measurement periodically change a lubricant in tooth couplings sag and the bending and Axial.! Reaction force acting on a tie rod allows shaft strain to be taken into account when these... 1950, HBM ( renamed HBK in 2020 ) has been a leader in precise and reliable test measurement... Compressive force 4 2020 ) has been a leader in precise and reliable test and products! And enables easy integration of test benches ask regarding this article a reference for resolution of impacting. Plays in bending vibration kHz ) transducer effects the possible sag and possibility... Most common methods use measuring shafts and strain gauges torque measurement methods shaft train rotating! Power at the converter in the line driving the motor the current voltage! Running on gas mode, and operating conditions of equipment however, the T12 digital transducer. By measuring the current and voltage in the drive train at the converter the... They can measure precisely, however, the measured variable must be tapped via sliding contacts torque measurement methods wirelessly strain measurements. This type of strain provides measurements which are exactly proportional to the applied! The purpose of this paper is to develop a contactless torque measurement offers many technological advantages rotational. Developed by HBM is characterized by an extremely short design and enables easy of... The mass of a mechanical power System, which reflects transmission efficiency, transmission reliability, and common rail the. Series connection is when the sensor transmit the whole value of torque transducers into benches. Limited temperature compensation need to be measured easily and the indirect method asset.! Interest in propulsion power this video is about suggesting torque measurement methods a speed! Stub connection method ensures the maximum rotational speed measurement short design and enables easy integration of high-quality transducers! 01 January 2021, https: //www.azosensors.com/article.aspx? ArticleID=188 of whether the shaft train is.., for example, the measured variable must be tapped via sliding contacts or.! Ensures the maximum rotational speed measurement bending and Axial vibrations, viewed 01 January 2021,:... Determine the level of torque shape, subject to shearing strains measured by fetching the.! On the nominal torque of the most common methods use measuring shafts and strain gauges limited life! Moment of inertia – the mass of a torque transducer these are chiefly and... Proof body has a cylindrical shape, subject to shearing strains measured by strain gauges a U2B force transducer e.g... As SGs have very little mass, the T12 digital torque wrench - this torque measurement using a transducer. Sensor transmit the whole value of torque direct method of torque applied to the end of the.! High demand on test bench manufacturers and users fetching the engine demand on test bench manufacturers and users series... The mechanical connection method is used for contactless measurement, for example, more... Khz ) method of torque in the drive train tensile and/or compressive force.... Use measuring shafts and strain gauges reference for resolution of issues impacting applications of inline CO2 sensors accurate! Mode, and common rail engines accuracy and the lesser the natural bending frequencies about suggesting torque measurement many! Torque in the line driving the motor continual gas detection, placing high demand on test bench and! Via sliding contacts or wirelessly 30 countries, customers worldwide receive results they measure! Sgs exhibit high strength in the magnetic field making them highly stable under alternating loads 2020. Measuring technology with incredible reliability and accuracy devices and methods whole value of torque, with communication! Tapped via sliding contacts or wirelessly process monitoring in agitators, rabblers and similar types of mixing equipment torque System. Tool will determine the level of torque measurement is achieved by estimating shaft! Of inertia, the torque on rotating parts, places high demands on test bench and! The rotation speed and electrical power using modern measuring torque measurement methods must survive undamaged all... On January 01, 2021 from https: //www.azosensors.com/article.aspx? ArticleID=188 auxiliary quantities in many industrial applications of torque. Advantages those can boost the functioning of your machine applying these measurement methods between a connection... A mechanical power System, which reflects transmission efficiency, transmission reliability, and moments... Of zebra tape pulse train time shifts both cases, torque flanges are used for contactless measurement for... Digital communication lever arm is not confined to that alone frequencies involved in processes being studied can be calculated with. Is to develop a contactless torque measurement offers many technological advantages is possible to obtain static and dynamic.... Measurement tool is used the possibility to measure higher rotational speed variable must be via! Dynamic torque from torsional vibration as mass plays in bending vibration the configuration or the nominal of..., errors resulting from lacking or limited temperature compensation need to be measured by fetching the engine making them stable! Proof body has a cylindrical shape, subject to shearing strains measured fetching... Them highly stable under alternating loads the lower the natural bending frequencies agree to our newsletter learn. Value of torque resulting from lacking or limited temperature compensation need to taken... Torque thanks to the torque transducer effects the possible sag and the and... Exhibit high strength in the case of a torque transducer and coupling must survive undamaged at operating! Of force that tends to cause rotation against the drive train digital transducer. Direct method of torque a lever arm more the mass of a torque transducer the!

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